I know this topic is quite old, but I just experienced this issue on Sim Update 13 1.34.16.0 and version 1.1.8 on the A310. Reading through these comments and other forum posts it appears that when requesting ATIS via the MCDU freezes pretty much everything in the aircraft. I understand that the issue was resolved by moving the ATIS request to the EFB. However, I got this issue when changing altitude constraints in the MCDU.
What I did was, try to change the altitude constraint from AT OR ABOVE 2800 to AT ALT 2800.
SimBrief route: CYOW/32 YOW DCT RADEN DCT YFM DCT 60N071W DCT BILKU DCT CYFB/16
The RNAV approach for runway 16 at Iqaluit in Northern Canada recommends 2800 for the initial approach but I have found the A310 descends late and fast so I wanted to give myself more time to slow down and whatnot. As soon as I went to hit CLR ALT, everything froze. All instruments froze in place, apart from the backup altitude (only the needle and incremental altitude worked). The backup attitude indicator only showed roll information. The backup speed indicator also worked. Flight controls completely froze, Autopilot and A/T were still on, but I was able to hand fly. Engine gauges froze, and dials would spin, but no change to the corresponding number. Flaps work, but not animated. The landing gear worked, and spoilers worked but were not animated.
Link to video here: https://medal.tv/games/microsoft-flight-simulator/clips/1yhs9og_MT_YI_/d1337R7uuJBf?invite=cr-MSxRZlcsMTkzNzg2ODc5LA