It's been a few days and no one has responded to this thread. I'll go ahead and post the results of Scenarios 2, 3, and 4 for future reference.
Scenario 2. Cruise descent in P.DES before the TOD point:
When at cruise in P.ALT and ATC cleared to descend immediately to an intermediate altitude before the TOD point:
In the real world, there are two options. Both options cause the aircraft to descend at 1,000 fpm and ECON descent speed, but they use different speeds after reaching the lower cruise altitude:
Set lower altitude on the MCP and pull the Alt Sel knob which merely arms the P.DES mode. The aircraft does not descend yet.
Option 1--select IMM DES prompt in Flt Plan page LSK R1. The aircraft maintains ECON descent speed after level off.
Option 2--set lower altitude in Prog page cruise altitude LSK L1. The aircraft changes to ECON cruise speed after level off.
In the simulator:
1. Setting lower altitude on the MCP and pulling the Alt Sel knob merely arms the P.DES mode. This is OK
2. After setting lower altitude, the aircraft does not descend and an IMM DES prompt appears on Flt Plan page LSK R1. This is OK
3. Setting lower altitude in the Prog page cruise altitude LSK L1 has no effect. Therefore, Option 2 isn't available. This is a bug
4. Selecting IMM DES causes a 1,000 fpm descent at 290 KIAS in P.DES without needing an Alt Sel knob pull. This is OK except the knob pull is necessary in the real world
5. Upon reaching the lower altitude, the aircraft maintains ECON descent speed. This is OK